Parenting is never easy. Not only can it be exhausting, but it may also test the limits of your patience. It could be the hardest job you will ever have, though it may also be the most rewarding. Being a parent can become even more difficult when you have a child who often argues, breaks rules, and defies authority. While it is common for young children and adolescents to have moments of disobedience, tantrums, and irritability, it can be concerning when your child exhibits excessive stubbornness, hostility, backtalk, and defiance. These behaviors could be indicators of oppositional defiant disorder, or ODD.

Understanding Oppositional Defiant Disorder

The American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry classifies ODD as being part of a group of behavioral disorders also termed “disruptive behavioral disorders” (DBD). Children with ODD often display angry outbursts and have difficulty controlling their tempers, especially in regard to rules, limits, or demanding situations. They often show a chronic pattern of uncooperativeness, aggressiveness, spitefulness, and negativity, usually directed at parents and other authority figures. These behaviors, if severe enough, can interfere with daily functioning at home and elsewhere.

There is no clear-cut cause of ODD. Studies suggest that these symptoms can be caused by various factors related to the biological, psychological, and social nature of the child. It is further developed as the child interacts with the family and other environments, especially when there’s a family history of psychological, emotional, or behavioral health issues.

Trauma can also cause children to be more susceptible to ODD. It is not uncommon for children with other emotional conditions, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), anxiety, or depression, to also experience symptoms of ODD.

Spotting the Symptoms

Most children have bouts of irritability, frustration, and hostility through the course of their growth and development. Those with ODD, however, can display these negative behaviors with such regularity that it disrupts the functioning of their families and classrooms, not to mention their social interactions and relationships.

The American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy (AAMFT) lists the symptoms often observed in children with this disorder. These behaviors, which must have lasted for at least six months, include non-compliance with adults’ requests or rules; acting deliberately to annoy people; being resentful, vindictive, argumentative, short-tempered and blaming others for their misbehavior.

When Does ODD Warrant Professional Counseling?

Parenting a child diagnosed with ODD can be a challenge, not only because of the defiant behavior, but also because some commonly used interventions may not work. Some that are commonly turned to can include boot camps, scare tactics, removal of privileges, and grounding. Studies have shown that children with ODD do not respond well to punishments with unclear messages, rules, or expectations. Due to their poor frustration tolerance, they often find it difficult to overcome uncomfortable situations where they see little reward. As a result, they are likely to become more annoyed or angry.

This pattern of behavior can leave any parent feeling completely powerless. The fear that one wrong move can trigger a serious tantrum may lead parents to avoid contact with their child. As a result, the child may feel isolated, anxious, and paranoid, potentially leading to low self-esteem, anxiety and/or explosive behaviors. Although the child may be aware of others’ feelings toward them it is not enough to transform negative conduct. When ODD is impacting your child or your family’s functioning it may be time to seek professional help. Therapy can help.

Interventions for Defiant Behavior

In the past, it was thought that children with ODD would outgrow their symptoms in time. While this is sometimes true, most symptoms persist and may even become worse without intervention.

If you suspect that your child has ODD, seeking treatment may be critical. If left untreated, ODD can develop into a more serious disruptive behavior disorder and may even lead to an increased risk for substance abuse and behaviors that may have life altering consequences.

Carolina Counseling Services — Pinehurst, NC, can be a source of significant help in treating your child with ODD. CCS contracts with independently licensed therapists who can work with your child to address their unique challenges. Therapy can equip you with interventions to empower you as you respond to your child’s behavior. With the right therapist, your child can work through their symptoms and challenges. Call today to schedule your first appointment.

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